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Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Signs, Treatment, and Prevention

2–3 minutes

Anxiety is a natural human emotion that involves behavioural, affective, and cognitive responses to the perception of danger. However, when anxiety becomes excessive or disproportionate to the challenge or stress, it can result in significant distress and impairment. Anxiety disorders are prevalent among children and adolescents, ranging from 4% to 20%. This article aims to shed light on anxiety disorders in children, their signs, and available treatment options.

Signs of Anxiety in Children:

Recognizing the signs of anxiety in children is crucial for early intervention. Different children and age groups may exhibit various symptoms, such as:

  1. Avoiding activities or places they once enjoyed, such as their favourite dance or sports classes.
  2. Difficulty controlling emotions, leading to increased irritability or sadness.
  3. Regressing to behaviours they had outgrown, like nail-biting, bedwetting, or excessive clinginess.
  4. Physical complaints, including headaches, stomach aches, and tiredness.
  5. Disruptions in daily routines include difficulty concentrating, sleeping, or eating.

Distinguishing Anxiety Disorders:

Understanding the context and triggers of symptoms can help differentiate between specific anxiety disorders. In children and adolescents, anxiety disorders often manifest through physical symptoms associated with autonomic nervous system activation. These symptoms may include sweating, palpitations, chest tightness, nausea, dizziness, chills, and muscle tension.

Treatment Options for Child Anxiety:

Taking prompt action is essential if you suspect your child is experiencing anxiety. The following are three pathways for seeking help:

  • Consult with your General Practitioner (GP): Request a referral for your child to visit a private psychologist. Your GP may provide a mental health care plan, allowing up to ten subsidized sessions per year through Medicare.
  • Engage with your child’s school: Communicate with your child’s early education or school teacher to evaluate and provide assistance.
  • Reach out to helplines and online services: Various helplines and online platforms offer counselling and resources for children and parents dealing with anxiety, including:
    • Childline India: Dial the toll-free number 1098 for 24/7 emergency phone service catering to children needing care and protection.
    • Vandrevala Foundation: Contact the helpline number 1860-2662-345 for counselling related to mental health issues.YourDost: Connect with psychologists and counsellors through this online platform.
    • NIMHANS Digital Academy: Access courses and resources on mental health for professionals and the public via this online portal.

Many children and adolescents suffer from anxiety disorders but can also be treated and prevented. Early detection and intervention are crucial in protecting children’s well-being and happiness. By understanding the signs of anxiety and seeking appropriate support, parents can effectively manage their child’s stress and promote healthy development.

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